Paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a herd with 160 goats that had performed sanitation for paratuberculosis. Sanitation was carried out by establishing a new herd from goat kids snatched from their dams, culling of all the adult goats, exclusion of the goat kids from potentially contaminated pastures and cleaning and disinfection of pens and outdoor areas. The goats were tested when approximately 10 and 23 months old, using an interferon gamma (IFN-γ ) test from Biosource, but no IFN-γ positive goats were identified. Three years following sanitation some two- and three-year-old goats began loosing weight and had a reduced milk production just after kidding. One goat died, and paratuberculosis was diagnosed based on histopathology, presence of large amounts of acid fast rods, detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by culture and IS900 by PCR. The herd was then tested with two months intervals using the IFN-γ test and the Pourquier ELISA. Post mortem examination of selected goats revealed significantly enlarged intestinal lymph nodes with necrotic cortical areas and severe intestinal lesions compatible with paratuberculosis, located particularly in the proximal jejunum. Culturing of feces from two- and three-year-old goats identified M. a. paratuberculosis in more than one-third of the animals. The ELISA and the IFN-γ test had the same ability to identify culture positive animals (about 80 %),while more culture negative goats were positive on IFN-γ testing than on ELISA. Furthermore, some culture positive animals were negative on both ELISA and IFN-γ testing, indicating that shedding can occur without any detectable immune response. IFN-γ and ELISA testing of goats less than 18 months old rarely gave positive results. Some goats that were negative on the IFN-γ test at 23 months of age, tested positive on the ELISA one year later. As expected the IFN-γ test was the most sensitive in detecting sub-clinically infected animals. However, the ELISA also performed quite well, and the time from positive IFN-γ results are seen, until goats become ELISA positive, appears to be short. In addition some culture positive goats had only antibody responses and no detectable IFN-γ response. Results from testing in this herd suggest that the Pourquier ELISA can be well suited for screening goat herds for paratuberculosis. However, the disease progress might have been unusually fast in this herd, compared to herds with a well-established infection, and this could explain why antibody responses were seen earlier than expected.