Surveillance, based on abattoir monitoring, testing of traced flocks using the Pooled Faecal Culture (PFC) and investigation of clinical cases has confirmed that OJD remains restricted in NSW. A three-zone policy involving high, moderate and low prevalence regions is due to be implemented from 1st October 2002. Abattoir surveillance has proven cost-effective with 85% of adult sheep slaughtered in NSW currently monitored. The proposed introduction of national sheep identification will enable it to be used for assurance. Control of disease spread has centred on quarantine of infected or suspect flocks and regional zoning, however, transmission of infection between adjoining properties by mechanisms other than by intended movement of sheep has also been identified as a major cause of local spread, possibly involving faecal contamination of run-off water. Research on the epidemiology of OJD, including survival of the organism in the environment and age related susceptibility, has enabled development of Property Disease Management Programs (PDMPs). Research in NSW on the Gudair(r) Spanish vaccine has demonstrated significantly delayed bacterial shedding, with Australian registration of the vaccine anticipated in April 2002. Financial assistance (up to A$25,000) is available to implement PDMPs in infected flocks. PFC and abattoir monitoring are detecting infection at a low prevalence, thus reducing the risk of significant spread having occurred prior to detection. Infected Flock Profiling (IFP), which involves whole flock testing using the PFC, was developed to determine the prevalence and distribution of infection within sheep studs. Trace-forward rams from profiled flocks can often be defined as low-risk, thus avoiding need for quarantine of the destination flock. Traced rams can be tested by Serial Faecal Culture (SFC), using pooled faeces collected on three occasions at 10-14 day intervals to detect intermittent excretion. This is an alternative to autopsy and markedly reduces the loss of valuable genetics. Risk-based ram trading options have been developed for infected studs where IFP confirms continued low risk of disease spread.