Ovine Johne's Disease (OJD) was first diagnosed in Australia in 1980. Since then, a gradual increase in the number of identified infected flocks has occurred, with 36 flocks detected by 1991, and 192 flocks by 1996. The first cases were detected in central NSW, but since 1995, OJD has been diagnosed in Victoria, Flinders Island (Tasmania) and South Australia. There are currently 335 known infected flocks. A National control program has been introduced. Initially, this has involved the development of a Market Assurance Program, and the agreement between States on Standard Definitions and Rules. Concurrently, States initiated their own control programs. The major issue has been whether or not to embark on a national eradication program. Debate has mainly centred on whether there is a 'window of opportunity' before the disease becomes widespread, or whether it has already spread to too many flocks. An interim Surveillance and Research Program, costing $2.45m, was initiated while Industry and Governments developed a six year Research and Combative Program to control and further evaluate the feasibility of eradication and alternative control methods. The paper will outline the current aspects of the National OJD Program, including the recently endorsed six year business plan. Issues central to the "OJD debate" will also be addressed.