Bovine paratuberculosis is a current disease in Italy and was first time described in cattle in 1927 and in sheep in 1968. However there are no studies carried out on the prevalence of infection in the entire country. Only in Venetia Region a serosurvey on 416 cattle farms recorded a herd seroprevalence of 40% by ELISA and in Tuscany, 3.4% of (whole) bovine population tested positive by AGID.In order to have a wider evaluation of the disease in cattle population of roman Province, we carried out a serological survey on 100 herds by ELISA (11.2% of the whole population) uniformly distributed on 19 Veterinary Districts; a total of 6150 animals(sample calves) were examined (6% of the whole population ).Reactor animals were 152 (2.47% ± 0.4%-CI 95%), ranging from 1 to a maximum of 51 subjects per farm. 35 herds resulted seropositive with at least one positive subject (herd seroprevalence of 35% ± 10%) . To confirm the seroprevalence obtained, fecal samples were collected from all infected herds and from at least one of the seropositive subjects and examined by PCR. Only in one case, the molecular test was negative even though the bovine was low shedding, whereas in the remaining fecal samples we found a concordance of 99% between the serological and molecular tests.However it is common knowledge that there is a low agreement between bacterial excretion and presence of antibodies: only 10 positive farms versus 35 in our study. Screening and identification of infected herds is preferably carried out using ELISA test, due to its low cost, fast and easy execution.In summary, the results confirm a widespread distribution of paratuberculosis in our province, affecting at least up to 35% of cattle farms. Control plans would be necessary to decrease the prevalence of the disease.